I chanced upon an article written in Bengali by my very good friend Apurba Mondal. His intent seemed very sincere and honest. In the article, he highlighted one of the remarkable qualities of the Bengalis that is often brushed under the carpet – their exceptional expertise and significant contribution in the area of mainstream businesses. Over the centuries, Bengal had produced many business tycoons as it is, even today. Looking at the article, I proposed to translate the article into English so the message reaches out to a larger audience. So here it is.
Despite having a remarkably successful presence in all sectors of business, Bengalis have always been stereotyped as those babus who would either while their time in ‘baiji bari’ (bagnios for the affluent zamindars, or overlords), or engage in the art, culture, language, and poetry.
‘The problem with the stereotypes’, says Chimamanda Adichie, a Nigerian novelist, ‘is that they are not untrue, but they are incomplete.’ Their exceptional talent in businesses has somehow gotten stampeded by other communities, mostly by the Marwaris. We all remember Prince Dwarka Nath Tagore as the grandfather of the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. But have the Bengalis forgotten him as one of the first Indian industrialists to form an enterprise with British partners and entrepreneurs; as the founder of the Jorasanko branch of the Tagore family?
There was a time in Bengal, not so long ago, when knowledge and prosperity went hand in hand. The prosperity of Bengal stretched beyond their jurisdiction; so much so that the state had once colonized the other states, viz. Bihar, Assam, and Odisha. These states were developed by the Bengalis. There was a time when the land was beaming with art, culture on one hand and, on the other, with enterprising entrepreneurs and monied industrialists. This article aims to bring back the memories of the past and the present to break the stereotypical image of the Bengalis. Their contribution to mainstream businesses has been phenomenal.
This article also tries to lay bare by listing some of the most glorious and industrious Bengali businessmen who, with their assiduous effort, acumen, and sincerity, flourished in India and abroad.
According to Indian wisdom traditions, knowledge and prosperity go hand in hand. Therefore, the Goddess of learning, Goddess Saraswati, and the Goddess of prosperity, Goddess Lakshmi are also siblings, born of the same mother, Goddess Durga, the Goddess of power. Bengal has a plethora of such worthy children within whom coexisted both the goddesses.
Out of scores of examples, here are eleven shining chronological examples of the Bengali gems of Bengal that had made an outstanding mark in their metier as leading businessmen for many decades. The same legacy is continuing even today.
1. In 1890, Mr. Rajen Mukherjee co-founded the Martin & Company with Thomas Martin. Later, his worthy son Mr. Biren Mukherjee took charge of Martin Burn. His economic empire was engaged in the mainstream business, viz. construction, railway, engineering, and steel industries. Mr. Rajen Mukherjee aka Rajendra Nath together with his son Sir Biren, as he was popularly known, were both students of the Shibpur Engineering College. This institution is the most successful among the Bengali-run institutions so far.
2. In 1896, Gokul Chandra Mandal, a lawyer in the Calcutta High Court, along with JK Fox, set up a legal firm in Kolkata called Fox Mandal. This FM is currently one of the best legal firms in the country.
3. Prafulla Chandra Roy, a renowned chemist and a proverbial professor at Presidency College, founded a public limited company called Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Workers [BCPL] in Kolkata in 1901. The reputation of this company for medicines and other chemicals spread all over India. In 1949, Bengal Chemical had a total of four factories. For two decades, it grew from strength to strength. Unfortunately, it was declared as a sick industry in 1970. The company was nationalized on 15 December 1980. BCPL returned to profitability in the financial year 2016-17.
4. Birendranath Sircar returned to the country after graduating in engineering from London. At that time, Talkies had just started in America. In 1931, he set up a film production company in Kolkata - New Theaters Studio. Gradually, this company became the only company in the country to produce Bengali and Hindi films. Pramathesh Barua, Devaki Bose, Bimal Roy, KL Saigal, Kanan Devi, Nitin Bose, Leela Desai, Prithviraj Kapoor were salaried employees of the Birendranath Sircar or Biren government, as the word Sarkar meant government in Bengali. At the same time, great Bengali musicians like Raichand Baral, Timirbaran, and Pankaj Mullick were in the limelight. Until 1955, this institution was at its peak of fame.
5. An incredible story of a resilient captain of the business world who rose from a farmer’s family and became a pioneer in the world of machinery. Alamohan Das was born in a peasant family in Khila-Baruipur village in the Amta zone of Howrah district. But he did not have a mind for agriculture. During his teens, he went to Kolkata and saw himself as a hawker of indigenous bangles, puffed rice, and so on. As a young man, he invested money in the Kolkata stock market emulating the affluent Marwaris. He also spent some time in Burma on business. He returned to Kolkata and established Bharat Jute Mill in 1936. At that time "Mother Machine" (lathe machine, milling machine, shaping machine) used to come from England to make engineering parts in India. Alamohan bought 620 acres of land near the city of Howrah and set up "India Machinery" there in 1930. Gradually, the lathe, shaping, and milling machines made by this factory spread all over India in the engineering construction industry. Later in the forties, he set up industries one after another - Dash Brothers Managing Agency, Howrah Insurance Company, Asia Drug Company, Dash Sugar, India Steam Navigation, Arti Cotton Mill, etc. In the sixties, Alamohan's India Machinery fell ill for various reasons. This famous institution was closed down in the eighties. The second generation of this entrepreneur was not his worthy successor. The industrialist, whose life was ‘stranger than fiction’ passed away in 1969. His popularity as a businessman and a philanthropist reached such a peerless height that a railway station, in his hometown was named after him, the Dasnagar Railway Station.
6. He was a student of the Scottish Church College in Calcutta. One day he left behind all his material comforts and family, his wife and son to seek the life of Vanaprastha. On a rainy afternoon in 1975, the seventy-year-old Abhaycharan De arrived in the Americas on a cargo ship from Khidirpur in Kolkata. He started preaching Krishna's name of Vedanta and Gita. Despite his weak body, with an indefatigable effort, he set up the ISKCON (The International Society for Krishna Consciousness) with indomitable enthusiasm. ISKCON currently has more than 600 branches around the world. This institution has been playing an important role in the propagation of the Hindu religion and philosophy. Sri Prabhupada is a conscientious example of an amazing combination of commerce and spirituality.
7. Sadhan Dutt graduated from Banaras Hindu University with a degree in Electrical Engineering and took over as the chief of the American company Kuljian Corporation.
In 1960, as a scientist-entrepreneur, he went on to become the founder-chairman of Development Consultants Private Limited (DCPL), a member of the Kuljian Group of Companies. Although it started its journey as a consultant in a thermal power plant and basically being an engineering consultancy. it gradually diversified into other areas such as cement, mining, petrochemical, and other services. At present, their activities are spread over 70 countries of the world. The Kolkata-based firm is currently the second-largest engineering consultancy firm in the country.
8. He is the second generation of Bengali expatriates in America - Amar Gopal Bose. After completing his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from MIT, he joined the teaching profession at that institution. In 1984, he started his own organization, Bose Corporation, with the financial support of his dear teacher Lee. Gradually, the fame of the Bose Speaker spread all over the world. Bose Speaker now is reckoned as a valuable product of high quality. In 2016, his company had 11,600 employees. In 2011, his wealth was one billion dollars.
9. India has been at the forefront of BPO operations in the world for the last two decades. In India, BPOs are everywhere, viz. Gurgaon, Bangalore, Pune, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata. At the same time, this sector of the economy is a vehicle for huge employment. The journey of BPO in India started with the hand of a Bengali resident of Delhi. Raman Roy, a student of Economics and a qualified chartered accountant at Sriram College of Commerce (SRCC) in Delhi. He is known as the "father of BPO services" in the country. In 2000, he set up his own BPO in Gurgaon - Spectramind. This organization served GE Capital of America. When it handed over Wipro to its company for Rs 406 crore in 2002, the company had 9,000 employees. He later set up a new BPO company called Quatrro in Bangalore.
10.By 1981, a student of Taratala Hotel Management in Kolkata had joined the Taj Hotel in Mumbai. He left his job and opened a small fish shop in Mumbai in 1985 - "Only Fish". Gradually, Anjan Chatterjee's restaurant business spread to all large and medium-sized cities of the country. Some of his well-known brands like Mainland China, Sigri, Haka, Flame & Grill, Machan, Sweet Bengal, are catering to the taste of a wide range of customers, comprising the gourmet and the gourmand. At present, the annual sales of this organization are more than ₹ 355 crores.
11.But the name of the most successful Bengali in the last three decades is undoubtedly Mr. Purnendu Chattopadhyay. This mechanical engineering student of IIT, Kharagpur completed his Ph.D. from Stanford, USA. He founded his own organization - The Chatterjee Group (TCG). Purnendu's activities include investment banking, real estate, petrochemicals, biotechnology, and biochemistry. Most recently, TCG has been investing in two giant petrochemical projects at the Subarnarekha port in Odisha and Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu. In five years, they are going to set up ₹ 8 trillion integrated refineries in Orissa and ₹ 50 trillion naphtha cracker units in Tamil Nadu.
I had a colleague from the Punjab who told how he had imagined West Bengal based on the stories he had heard of the state, he had imagined it to be essentially poor; a poor state was the single-story he had of Bengal. Of course, Bengal had had its share of poverty, it had seen many famines that had snatched the life of millions, but that does not define Bengal. Like poverty, Bengal has other stories too, stories that talk of its opulence, its expertise in the field of business. The famous Victoria Memorial of Kolkata and The Howrah Bridge were both entrusted to Messrs. Martin & Co of Kolkata led by Sir Rajen Mookerjee. These are also stories that need to be told so a holistic image of Bengal could emerge.
I hope that my friend, Apurba’s article, would help many Indians and foreigners change their image of Bengal. Bengal, as it were, means business.
For a better understanding, I am honored to include the original article in Bengali written by Apurba Mandal.

āĻŦাāĻাāϞিāϰ āϏāϰāϏ্āĻŦāϤী āϝোāĻে āϞāĻ্āώীāϰ āϏাāϧāύা
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āĻĻেāĻিā§ে āĻāϏেāĻে।
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āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻ FM.
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āĻোāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি। āĻāώুāϧ āĻ āĻ
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āϰুāĻ্āύāϤাāϰ āϏূāĻāύা āĻšā§।
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āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ।
āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽāĻĨেāĻļ āĻŦāϰুā§া,āĻĻেāĻŦāĻী āĻŦোāϏ,āĻŦিāĻŽāϞ āϰাā§, āĻে āĻāϞ āϏাā§āĻāϞ,āĻাāύāύ āĻĻেāĻŦী,āύিāϤীāύ āĻŦোāϏ, āĻĢāĻŖী āĻŽāĻুāĻŽāĻĻাāϰ,āϞীāϞা
āĻĻেāĻļাāĻ,āĻĒৃāĻĨ্āĻŦীāϰাāĻ āĻাāĻĒুāϰ- āϏāĻŦাāĻ āĻিāϞেāύ āĻŦীāϰেāύ āϏāϰāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻŦেāϤāύāĻুāĻ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻাāϰী ।
āϏেāĻ āϏāĻ্āĻে āϏāĻ্āĻীāϤে āĻিāϞেāύ āϰাāĻāĻাঁāĻĻ
āĻŦā§াāϞ,āϤিāĻŽিāϰāĻŦāϰāύ,āĻĒāĻ্āĻāĻ āĻŽাāϞ্āϞিāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻুāĻŖীāĻāύ।⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ģ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻিāϞ āĻ্āϝāϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻāĻāĻŖে।
ā§Ģ) āϤিāύি āĻিāϞেāύ āĻāϞāĻাāϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻāĻিāĻļ āĻাāϰ্āĻ
āĻāϞেāĻেāϰ āĻাāϤ্āϰ।āĻĒাāϰিāĻŦাāϰিāĻ āĻাāĻĒā§েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা āĻ āϏāĻāϏাāϰ āϏ্āϤ্āϰী-āĻĒুāϤ্āϰ āĻĒেāĻāύে āĻĢেāϞে āĻāĻāĻĻিāύ āĻŦাāύāĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āĻĨ
āĻীāĻŦāύ āĻŦেāĻে āύিāϞেāύ। ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ģ āϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āώাāϰ āĻŦিāĻেāϞে āϏāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ
āĻā§āĻāϰāύ āĻĻে āĻোāϞāĻাāϤাāϰ āĻিāĻĻিāϰāĻĒুāϰ
āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻ āĻŽাāϞāĻŦাāĻšী āĻাāĻšাāĻে āĻĒৌāĻāϞেāύ āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻা āĻূāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄে। āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰāϞেāύ āĻŦেāĻĻাāύ্āϤ āĻ āĻীāϤাāϰ āĻৃāώ্āĻŖ
āύাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ। āĻ
āĻļāĻ্āϤ āĻĻেāĻš āϏāϤ্āĻŦেāĻ āĻ
āĻĻāĻŽ্āϝ āĻā§āϏাāĻšে āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāϞেāύ- ISKCON. āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦে
āĻāϏ্āĻāύেāϰ ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļ āϰ āĻ
āϧিāĻ āĻļাāĻা āϰā§েāĻে। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ āĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰে āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻিāϰ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ
āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻāϰে āĻāϞেāĻে।āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝ āĻ āĻāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻāϤাāϰ āĻāĻļ্āĻāϰ্āϝ āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦā§েāϰ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻাāύ্āϤ-āĻļ্āϰীāĻĒ্āϰāĻূāĻĒাāĻĻ।
ā§) āϏাāϧāύ āĻĻāϤ্āϤ āĻŦাāϰাāĻŖāϏী āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§
āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϞেāĻāĻ্āϰিāĻাāϞ āĻāĻ্āĻিāύিā§াāϰিং āĻĒাāĻļ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āĻুāϞāĻিā§াāύ āĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āĻšাāϞ āϧāϰāϞেāύ।⧧⧝ā§ā§Ļ
āĻĒৌāĻে āĻোāϞāĻাāϤাā§ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻāϰāϞেāύ āύিāĻেāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা- āĻĄেāĻেāϞāĻĒāĻŽেāύ্āĻ āĻāύāϏাāϞāĻেāύ্āĻ ( DCPL). āĻāĻি
āĻŽুāϞāϤ āĻāĻ্āĻিāύিā§াāϰিং āĻāύāϏাāϞāĻেāύ্āϏি। āϤাāĻĒāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুāϤ্ āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻāύāϏাāϞāĻেāύ্āϏি āĻĻিā§ে āϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻļুāϰু
āĻāϰāϞেāĻ āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻļ āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āĻ,āĻāύি,āĻĒেāĻ্āϰোāĻেāĻŽিāĻ্āϝাāϞ āĻ āĻ
āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāϏেāĻŦাāϤে āĻā§িā§ে āĻĒā§ে āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻাāϞি
āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞিāϤ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨাāĻি। āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻাāύ্āĻĄ āĻā§িā§ে āĻāĻে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻি āĻĻেāĻļে। āĻোāϞāĻাāϤাāϰ
āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦৃāĻšāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āĻāĻ্āĻিāύিā§াāϰিং āĻāύāϏাāϞāĻেāύ্āϏি āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা।
ā§Ž) āϤিāύি āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāϏী āĻŦাāĻাāϞিāĻĻেāϰ
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāύ্āĻŽ- āĻ
āĻŽāϰāĻোāĻĒাāϞ āĻŦোāϏ।MIT āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϞেāĻāĻ্āϰিāĻাāϞ āĻāĻ্āĻিāύিā§াāϰিং āĻ āĻĒি.āĻāĻāĻ.āĻĄি āĻļেāώ
āĻāϰে āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύে āĻ
āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāύাā§ āϝোāĻ āĻĻিāϞেāύ।āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāϤাāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰাāϞে āϏ্āĻĒীāĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ্āϤি āύিā§ে
āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰāϞেāύ। ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ē āĻĒ্āϰিā§ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āϞীāϰ āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝে āϏূāĻāύা āĻšāϞো āύিāĻেāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা- āĻŦোāϏ
āĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ।āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻļ āĻŦোāϏ āϏ্āĻĒিāĻাāϰেāϰ āϏুāĻ্āϝাāϤি āĻā§িā§ে āĻĒā§āϞ āĻোāĻা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦে।āĻŦোāϏ āϏ্āĻĒীāĻাāϰ āĻŽাāύেāĻ āĻāĻ্āĻ
āĻুāύāĻŽাāύেāϰ āĻŦāĻšুāĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ।⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে āϤাঁāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨাā§ āĻিāϞ ā§§ā§§ā§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻাāϰী।⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§ āϏাāϞে āϤাঁāϰ
āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻিāϞ āĻāĻ āĻŦিāϞিā§āύ āĻĄāϞাāϰ।
⧝) āĻāϤ āĻĻু āĻĻāĻļāĻে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦে BPO āĻ
āĻĒাāϰেāĻļāύে
āĻļীāϰ্āώে āĻাāϰāϤ।āĻুāϰāĻাāĻ,āĻŦ্āϝাāĻāĻাāϞুāϰু,āĻĒুāύে,āĻšাā§āĻĻ্āϰাāĻŦাāĻĻ,āĻেāύ্āύাāĻ, āĻোāϞāĻাāϤা- āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰāĻ āĻŦিāĻĒিāĻ
āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻā§াāĻā§ি। āĻāĻ āĻ āϏāĻ্āĻে āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύিāϤীāϰ āĻāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰ āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻŦাāĻšāύ।āĻাāϰāϤে
BPO āϰ āϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি āύিāĻŦাāϏী āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻ্āĻāϏāύ্āϤাāύেāϰ āĻšাāϤ āϧāϰে। āĻĻিāϞ্āϞীāϰ āĻļ্āϰীāϰাāĻŽ āĻāϞেāĻ āĻ
āĻŦ
āĻāĻŽাāϰ্āϏেāϰ āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύিāϤীāϰ āĻাāϤ্āϰ āĻ āĻাāϰ্āĻাāϰ্āĻĄ āĻāĻাāĻāύ্āĻ্āĻেāύ্āĻ āϰāĻŽāύ āϰাā§ āĻĻেāĻļে " BPO āĻĒāϰিāϏেāĻŦাāϰ
āĻāύāĻ"। ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϏাāϞে āĻুāϰāĻাāĻāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻāϰāϞেāύ āύিāĻāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻĒিāĻ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা - āϏ্āĻĒেāĻāĻ্āϰাāĻŽাāĻāύ্āĻĄ।
āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāϰ āĻি.āĻ āĻ্āϝাāĻĒিāĻাāϞ āĻে āĻĒāϰিāϏেāĻŦা āĻĻিāϤ। ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍ āϤে āĻāĻāĻĒāϰোāĻে āϝāĻāύ āύিāĻেāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা
ā§Ēā§Ļā§ āĻোāĻি āĻাāĻাā§ āĻšāϏ্āϤাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰāϞেāύ, āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻাāϰী āĻিāϞ ⧝ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ. āĻĒāϰে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻāĻাāϞুāϰুāϤে āĻোā§াāϤ্āϰো
āύাāĻŽে āύāϤুāύ BPO āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻāϰেāύ।
ā§§ā§Ļ) ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§§ āύাāĻাāĻĻ āĻোāϞāĻাāϤাāϰ āϤাāϰাāϤāϞা
āĻšোāĻেāϞ āĻŽ্āϝাāύেāĻāĻŽেāύ্āĻেāϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§ুā§া āϝোāĻ āĻĻিāϞ āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ āĻāϰ āϤাāĻ āĻšোāĻেāϞে।āĻ্āϰāĻŽে āϤাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧি āĻšāϞ
āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāύ্āĻĄ āĻāĻ āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰেāϰ āĻāĻ āĻ্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āύাāĻ-āĻŦāϞ্āĻু āĻŦāĻ āĻিāĻু āύā§। āĻাāĻুāϰি āĻেā§ে ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ģ āϤে āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻāϤে
āĻুāϞāϞেāύ āĻāĻ āĻ্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻŽā§āϏ-āĻŦিāĻĒāύী- "āĻāύāϞি āĻĢিāϏ"। āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻļ āĻ
āύ্āĻāύ āĻāĻ্āĻোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাā§েāϰ āϰেāϏ্āϤāϰাঁ
āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝ āĻā§িā§ে āĻĒā§āϞ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻŦৃāĻšā§ āĻ āĻŽাāĻাāϰি āĻļāĻšāϰে - āĻŽেāύāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻাāĻāύা,āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϞāĻাāĻা,āϏীāĻāϰি,
āĻšাāĻা, āĻĢ্āϞেāĻŽ āĻāύ্āĻĄ āĻ্āϰিāϞ,āĻŽাāĻাāύ, āϏুāĻāĻ āĻŦেāĻ্āĻāϞ,āĻŽোāĻŦিāĻĢেāϏ্āĻ।āϤাঁāϰ " āϏ্āĻĒেāϏাāϞিāĻি āϰেāϏ্āĻুāϰেāύ্āĻ
āϞিāĻŽিāĻেāĻĄ" āĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϰেāϏ্āĻুāϰেāύ্āĻ āĻেāύ, āϝাāϰা āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ āϏ্āĻāĻ āĻāĻ্āϏāĻেāĻ্āĻে āϞিāϏ্āĻেāĻĄ।āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে
āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ āĻŦিāĻ্āϰী ₹ā§Šā§Ģā§Ģ āĻোāĻিāϰ āĻ
āϧিāĻ।āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŦাāĻāϰে āϤাāύāĻাāύিā§া,āϞāύ্āĻĄāύ āĻ āĻŦাāĻāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে
āĻ āĻļাāĻা āĻুāϞāĻে āĻ
āύ্āĻāύেāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা।
ā§§ā§§) āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāϤ āϤিāύ āĻĻāĻļāĻে āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝে
āϏāĻĢāϞāϤāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻাāϞিāϰ āύাāĻŽ- āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖেāύ্āĻĻু āĻāĻ্āĻোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাā§।āĻā§্āĻāĻĒুāϰ āĻāĻ,āĻāĻ,āĻিāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŽেāĻাāύিāĻ্āϝাāϞ āĻāĻ্āĻিāύিā§াāϰিং
āĻāϰ āĻাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāϰ āϏ্āĻ্āϝাāύāĻĢোāϰ্āĻĄ āĻĨেāĻে āĻĒি.āĻāĻāĻ.āĻĄি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāϰেāύ।āĻĒāϰে āĻŽ্āϝাāĻিāύāϏে āĻ āĻāϰ্āĻ
āϏোāϰāϏেāϰ āĻোā§াāύ্āĻাāĻŽ āĻ্āϰুāĻĒে āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻ
āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤাāĻে āĻĒুঁāĻি āĻāϰে ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ŧ āϤে āύিāĻāĻā§āϰ্āĻে āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāϞেāύ
āύিāĻāϏ্āĻŦ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা- āĻĻি āĻ্āϝাāĻাāϰ্āĻি āĻ্āϰুāĻĒ (TCG). āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖেāύ্āĻĻুāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻাāύ্āĻĄ āĻā§িā§ে āĻāĻে
āĻāύāĻেāϏ্āĻāĻŽেāύ্āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āĻিং,āϰিā§েāϞ āĻāϏ্āĻেāĻ,āĻĒেāĻ্āϰোāĻেāĻŽিāĻ্āϝাāϞ,āĻŦাā§োāĻেāĻāύোāϞāĻি āĻ āĻীāĻŦ āϰāϏাā§āύে।āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে
āĻšāϞāĻĻিā§া āĻŦāύ্āĻĻāϰে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖেāύ্āĻĻুāϰ āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞিāϤ āϤিāύāĻি āϏāĻāϏ্āĻĨা āϰā§েāĻে - āĻšāϞāĻĻিā§া āĻĒেāĻ্āϰোāĻেāĻŽ,
āĻŽিā§āϏুāĻŦিāϏী āĻĒি.āĻি.āĻ āĻ āĻĒāϞিāĻŽাāϰ āĻĒ্āϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻ।
āĻ
āϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি TCG āĻā§িāĻļাāϰ āϏুāĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāϰেāĻা
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻāϰে āĻ āϤাāĻŽিāϞāύাā§ুāϰ āĻুāĻĄ্āĻĄাāϞোāϰে āĻĻুāĻি āĻ
āϤিāĻাā§ āĻĒেāĻ্āϰোāĻেāĻŽিāĻ্āϝাāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞ্āĻĒে āĻŦিāύিā§োāĻ āĻāϰāϤে
āĻāϞেāĻে। āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤাāϰা āĻā§িāĻļাā§ ₹ā§ā§Ž āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻোāĻিāϰ āĻāύ্āĻিāĻ্āϰেāĻেāĻĄ āϰিāĻĢাāĻāύাāϰি āĻ āϤাāĻŽিāϞāύাā§ুāϤে
₹ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻোāĻি āύ্āϝাāĻĒāĻĨা āĻ্āϰাāĻাāϰ āĻāĻāύিāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāϤে āĻāϞেāĻে।
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